Description: Profile portrait of Sarah Ann Worthington at 8 years old, by Samuel H. Dearborn, September 1808. Sarah was the daughter of Thomas Worthington. This painting was made while she was attending boarding school in Kentucky. The painting is part of the fine art collection of the Ohio Historical Society. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04647
Subjects: Children--Ohio; Other--Family History; Art, American--Ohio
Places: Washington (Kentucky)
 

Description: A Cincinnati-area church, located 825 Washington Ave, Newport. Currently home to Holy Spirit parish, formed from the merger of Corpus Christi, St. Francis de Sales, St. Vincent, and St. Stephen. Reverse reads: "St. Stephan church, Newport, Ky" View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F15_011_1
Subjects: Newport (Ky.)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Catholic Church--Kentucky
Places: Newport (Kentucky); Campbell County (Kentucky)
 

Description: A photograph of a sculpture of Simon Kenton. Ohio sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward designed this statue of Simon Kenton, an early Ohio settler who was known for his conflicts with American Indians, in the early 1860s. He had hoped an enlargement of this statue, to be placed in Columbus, Ohio, would be his first public monument. Due to the outbreak of the Civil War, however, the project was not approved. The statue measures 26" high (66.04 cm). Ward (1830-1910) was born in Urbana, Ohio. He moved to New York in 1849 to study under sculptor Henry Kirke Brown. In 1861 he established a studio and began working on pieces with distinctly American themes. The Indian Hunter was his first public work and one of several pieces placed in Central Park in New York. He also created statues of George Washington and James A. Garfield in Washington, D.C. Ward also created the pediment statues at the New York Stock Exchange, focusing on figures signifying American wealth and commerce. Simon Kenton (1755-1836) was born in Virginia and fled to avoid prosecution for a fight in which he believed that he killed his opponent. Using the name Simon Butler, he settled in Boonesboro, Kentucky. He served as a spy during Lord Dunmore's War and spent time in a British prison in Detroit. He joined General Anthony Wayne's offensive against the American Indians in Ohio in 1793 at fought in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. During the War of 1812 he commanded troops at the Battle of the Thames, in which the Americans were victorious over the British. Kenton died in Logan County, Ohio on April 29, 1836. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F04_013_001
Subjects: Sculpture; Ward, John Quincy Adams, 1830-1910; Kenton, Simon, 1755-1836
Places: Urbana (Ohio); Champaign County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Fort Washington monument, East Third Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Photo by Federal Writers' Photographer, District #12. June 10, 1937." The Fort Washington Monument was originally erected on June 14, 1901 by the Patriotic Societies of Ohio to commemorate Fort Washington, a bulwark against the Indian menace during the 1790's. From Fort Washington, Generals Harmar and St. Clair planned expeditions against the Indians that ended in disaster; not until "Mad Anthony" Wayne defeated the Indians at Fallen Timbers was the Indian danger allayed. Ini 1803 the garrison moved to Newport, Kentucky on the south side of the Ohio River. In 1808 Fort Washington was torn down, as it was no longer needed, and the reservation divided into town lots. The monument 9' tall memorial, made from Ohio stone, was made to look like one of the old fort's blockhouses, and was placed at the center of East Third Street, near the intersection with Ludlow Street. The monument was surrounded with a chain railing, with four old cannons serving as fence posts. The west face of the monument displayed two bronze plaques, the lower of which was an outline map of the main portion of the fort, showing the streets which intersected it and the immediate area. The upper tablet bore an inscription, surrounded by 13 stars, which read: "This Tablet erected by the Patriotic Societies of Ohio, Marks the Location of Fort Washington, Built 1789, Demolished 1808, MDCCCC." Though much effort was taken in 1900 to determine the exact location of the old fort before the monument was placed, in 1952 construction workers found actual remains from the fort's powder magazine a short distance away, and archeologists determined that this was the true location of Fort Washington. In 1998, partially due to the expansion of Interstate 71, the monument was moved to this new found site on Arch Street, just south of East Fourth Street. A new plaque, placed on the monument for the re-dedication reads: "Forth Washington, 1789 - 1808. This monument stands at the site that served as a major military base for the Northwest Territory. The stone replica of a blockhouse was originally dedicated on June 14, 1901. Rededicated at present site November 11, 1998. Cincinnati Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F02_33_01
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Fort Washington (Ohio); Monuments--Ohio
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891), prominent military leader from Ohio, helped to lead the Union Army to victory in the Civil War. In this portrait photograph he is shown in old age. His hair and beard are white, and he is wearing civilian attire. His signature appears at the bottom of the portrait. Below the signature is the name and business address of a photography studio: "C. Parker / 447 Penn. Ave. Washington, D.C." Sherman was born on February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. He was named after Tecumseh, the famous Shawnee leader. Sherman's father died in 1829. Sherman's mother could not take care of all of her children and had several of them adopted into other families. Thomas Ewing, a neighbor and close family friend, raised William Sherman as a foster son. Sherman attended common schools and received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1836. He graduated in 1840, ranking sixth in a class of forty-two students. He was commissioned a second lieutenant of artillery. He participated in the Seminole War from 1840 to 1842. During the late 1840s, he was stationed in California and helped Californians secure their independence from Mexico in the Mexican-American War. He resigned his commission in 1853 and went into banking, at which he was not successful. n 1859, Sherman became the superintendent of the Louisiana Military Academy. He also served as a professor of engineering, architecture, and drawing. At the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861 Louisiana's seceded from the Union. Sherman resigned his position and returned to the North. In May 1861, Sherman joined the Union army and was immediately commissioned a brigadier-general of volunteers. He commanded the Third Brigade, First Division, of the Army of Northeastern Virginia at the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861. His men suffered numerous casualties in the battle. He was transferred to the Department of the Cumberland in August 1861, and Sherman assumed command of that department in October of that year. In this position, Sherman played a vital role in securing Kentucky for the Union. Following the fall of Atlanta, Sherman set out on a "March to the Sea." He determined to break the will of the Southern population between Atlanta and Savannah, Georgia. Sherman left his wagon train behind and ordered his men to feed themselves with what they could find along the way. The Northerners even requisitioned food from the slave population. Sherman realized that the civilian population was supplying the Confederate military with food and other supplies. He decided that one way to win the war was to break the will of the civilian population and to end its ability and desire to equip an army. He left Atlanta on November 15, 1864, and traveled the more than two hundred miles to Savannah by December 21. He faced little resistance from the Confederate military. In 1865, Sherman led his army into the Carolinas, using the same tactics that he had used on the "March to the Sea." General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered at Durham Station, North Carolina, on April 26, 1865 and the Civil War soon came to an end. Sherman remained in the military following the Civil War, serving first as the commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi and then commander of the Military Division of the Missouri. When Ulysses S. Grant became President of the United States in 1869, Sherman replaced him as General of the United States Army. He retired on November 1, 1883, and was succeeded by General Philip Sheridan. Sherman moved to New York City in 1886. He died on February 14, 1891, and was buried in St. Louis, Missouri. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06605
Subjects: Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891; Civil War 1861-1865; Portraits; 1861-1865--Military officers--Union
Places: Lancaster (Ohio); Fairfield County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads in type: "K.K. Colvin, Supervisor, Federal Writers' Projects 1311 W. 80 St., Cleveland, Ohio. General View, Nela Park (National Electric Lamp Association of the General Electric Co.), Taylor Rd. south of Euclid Ave., East Cleveland, Ohio." Reverse reads: "Industry can [underlined] be aesthetic." Photograph shows an aerial view of Nela Park and the surrounding houses in East Cleveland, Ohio. Contrary to the caption, the road that bifurcates the image is Noble Road; Taylor Road is located four blocks south. Nela Park is the headquarters of GE Lighting, and is located in East Cleveland, Ohio. Today, GE Lighting is a part of GE's Consumer and Industrial business, headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Nela Park still serves as the operating headquarters of the lighting division. Development of the site was started in 1911, when the National Electric Lamp Company (NELA) was dissolved and absorbed into General Electric. It was the first industrial park in the world and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The campus emulates a university setting, and the dominant architectural style is Georgian Revival. The 92-acre (370,000 square mile) campus is home to GE's Lighting & Electrical Institute, which was founded in 1933. Each December, Nela Park features a world-famous Christmas lighting display, which culminates in a miniature version of the National Christmas Tree in Washington, D.C., designed by GE Lighting. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B07F07_026_1
Subjects: National Electric Lamp Association; Cleveland (Ohio)--Aerial views; Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Pictorial works; General Electric Company--History
Places: East Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This bust portrait is titled "Thomas Corwin, Governor of Ohio." Corwin (1794-1849) is depicted in front of a red drape with books, an inkwell, feather pen, and column. In the background, visible through a window, is the driver of a Conestoga wagon with red wheels and four horses passing in front of the Ohio Statehouse. The painting has many blemishes, and its colors are faded. Thomas Corwin (1794-1865) was born in Kentucky. His father moved the family to what would become Warren County, Ohio, in 1798. The War of 1812 saw northern Ohio ravaged by the Indian confederation that was allied with the British. After General Hull surrendered Detroit to the British, protection from these destructive raids was minimal. Corwin, then a teenager, drove supply wagons north to feed the starving American troops. Self-taught in the law, he was admitted to the bar in 1817. His political career began in 1818, when he served as Warren County prosecuting attorney. A member of the Whig Party, Corwin served two terms in the Ohio state legislature and five terms in the United States Congress. In 1840 he was elected the fifteenth governor of Ohio. In 1845 he was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he eloquently expressed his opposition to the Mexican War. He served in the cabinet of President Millard Fillmore as secretary of the treasury from 1850-1853. Corwin became Secretary of the Treasury in 1850, but two years later he returned to Lebanon, Ohio, and practiced law from his office in Cincinnati. He was re-elected to Congress in 1860, and a year later President Abraham Lincoln appointed him minister to Mexico. Corwin was able to secure Mexico's support for the Union during the Civil War. He then established a law practice in Washington, where he died in 1865. Samuel Swan Walker (1806-1848) of Butler County, Ohio, was trained as a physician but left the medical profession in 1836 to become a portrait and miniature painter, working principally in Cincinnati. He traveled frequently as an itinerant painter, working primarily in Ohio, where he created portraits of well-known Ohioans and giving art lessons to wealthy patrons. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05937
Subjects: Corwin, Thomas, 1794-1865; Governors--Ohio; Ohio History--State and Local Government; Walker, Samuel S.; Artists--Ohio
 

Description: This color image shows a stone marker denoting Zane's Trace, a travel route, and Treber Inn, which provided lodging for travelers during the early 19th century. The marker, made of pinkish stone, reads: "Zane Trace, Ohio's first highway and mail route authorized by Congress in 1796 / Marked and cleared in 1797 by Col. Ebenezer Zane / A blazed trail, it became the route of the old stage line from Maysville to Wheeling used by noted statesmen to and from the Southwest and Washington. "Tremor Inn, Erected in 1797. Became "traveler's rest" in 1798 / Here, for over sixty years, distinguished guests and weary foot travelers found entertainment / Nearby, in 1793, Asahel Edgington was slain by Indians / the first white man killed in Adams County. "Erected by Adams County Historical Society 1933." Zane's Trace was an early road in the Northwest Territory that connected Wheeling, Virginia, to Limestone, Kentucky (present-day Maysville). It was a major road in early Ohio until well after the War of 1812. In 1796, Ebenezer Zane petitioned Congress for permission to build a road through the region, with the stipulation that the American government would grant him land where the road crossed the Muskingum, Hocking, and Scioto Rivers. The government agreed to his terms and required the road to be open by January 1, 1797. It was widely believed that a road would encourage increased trade and settlement in Ohio. Zane's Trace was more a trail than a road. Zane used existing Native American trails wherever possible and cut down trees to create a primitive path. Tomepomehala, an Indian guide, helped Zane plot the road. Prior to Ohio's statehood, Zane's Trace was not accessible by wagon. It was so narrow and rough that it was only passable on foot or on horseback. Zane built ferries at each of the river crossings and profited from the travel over the road. A small town began to develop where the ferry was located at the mouth of the Licking River. It came to be known as Zanesville. After Ohio became a state in 1803, the state legislature set aside money to improve the road. The goal was to make Zane's Trace accessible to wagons. By 1804, trees had been cut down to make the road twenty feet wide. Logs were laid across marshy areas to create corduroy roads, and several bridges were built. It was now possible to travel by wagon from Wheeling to Chillicothe, although many tree stumps were still standing in the middle of the road. People who traveled the road began to refer to it by a number of different names, including the Wheeling Road, the Wheeling-Limestone Road, or just the Limestone Road, rather than Zane's Trace. Zane's Trace encouraged significant economic and population growth in the Northwest Territory and the young state of Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06963
Subjects: Historical marker; Zane's Trace (Ohio); Zane, Ebenezer, 1747-1812; Transportation--Ohio--History; Northwest Territory; Adams County (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio); Adams County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photographic print of an engraved portrait of President Abraham Lincoln, ca. 1861-1865. The original image was a larger carte de visite photograph. Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He became President of the United States in March of 1860. Shortly after being reelected for a second presidential term, Lincoln was shot at Ford Theater in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865, by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died the following day and was buried in Springfield, Illinois, after a lengthy funeral procession from Washington D.C. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04260
Subjects: United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Ohio History--Presidents and Politics; Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Portraits
 

Description: This image is a reproduction of a print depicting the courthouse and jail in Marietta, built in 1798. The structure was built at the southeast corner of today's Second and Putnam Streets. (Original print is in "American Pioneer," opposite page 163, call number V 977.05 Am35 v. 1.) The caption reads: "Court House and Jail at Marietta, Ohio, Built in 1798." The two-story structure is surrounded by a fence. Three human figures are standing near the fence; a fourth figure and a horse and wagon are visible in the street. In the distance, several hills form a backdrop for other buildings. Originally known as Adelphia, meaning "brotherhood," Marietta was the first permanent settlement of the United States of America in the territory north and west of the Ohio River. It also was the first settlement founded by the Ohio Company of Associates in the Northwest Territory in 1788. The company's investors renamed the community after Queen Marie Antoinette of France, in honor of France's contributions to the U.S. victory in the American Revolution. The first settlers were led by Rufus Putnam, who was one of the Ohio Company's early investors. He chose a site along the Ohio River at its junction with the Muskingum River, not far from Fort Harmar. Originally, settlers from New England made up the population of Marietta. People from Virginia and Kentucky later moved to the area as well. On July 9, 1788, the Northwest Territory's first governor, Arthur St. Clair, came to Marietta. The territory was officially established, as was Washington County; Marietta became the county seat. As the population of the Northwest Territory grew, the people of Marietta hoped that their community would become the capital of the future state. They supported St. Clair's plan to divide the territory in a different way than the Northwest Ordinance had originally planned. They believed that the governor's plans would make Marietta more prominent. But in the end, St. Clair's plan was not accepted by Congress. Because of its location along the Ohio River, Marietta became a major trading center in the Northwest Territory and later in the state of Ohio. The community became one of the earliest settlements in Ohio to have a state-chartered bank in 1808. In addition to agriculture and trade with the East, Marietta was also known for its shipbuilding industry. Ships, barges and flatboats moved from Marietta down the Ohio River to the Mississippi River and then to New Orleans and to ports in the East. In spite of its early growth, Marietta was surpassed by other towns as other forms of transportation came to Ohio. Canals, the National Road, and the railroads made all parts of the state accessible. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05767
Subjects: Ohio History--State and Local Government; Marietta (Ohio); Courthouses--Ohio--History
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge, which links Covington, Kentucky, with Cincinnati, Ohio. Formerly named the Covington-Cincinnati Bridge, the structure was the first Ohio River bridge linking the North and South after the Civil War. This view shows the bridge from the Kentucky side looking toward the downtown Cincinnati skyline. Clearly visible are the suspension cables and one of the bridge towers. In 1846 the Kentucky General Assembly granted a charter to the founders of the Covington & Cincinnati Bridge Company, which hoped to build a bridge across the Ohio River that would connect the two cities. Cincinnati was a major metropolis by the 1850s, and Kentucky farmers and businessmen hoped to have an easier time transporting their goods to the city. For various reasons, many Ohioans were less enthusiastic. As a result of this opposition, the Ohio legislature did not grant the Covington & Cincinnati Bridge Company a charter to construct a bridge in 1849. Despite these hurdles, the Covington & Cincinnati Bridge Company persevered, and in 1856 it signed civil engineer John A. Roebling (1806-1869) to construct a suspension bridge. Construction began that year, but it stopped the next year due to the Panic of 1857. Construction resumed during the American Civil War when Ohio and federal government authorities realized the need for a bridge to supply the soldiers operating in the South. Due to the high inflation during the war, Roebling had to pay his workers in gold, and shortages forced him to import some construction materials from England. Workers completed a small footbridge across the Ohio River on September 24, 1865, nearly six months after the war ended. This initial bridge gave construction workers an easier means of stringing the cables. The Covington & Cincinnati Suspension Bridge was opened to pedestrian traffic on December 1, 1866, but its formal opening occurred a month later. To help offset the construction cost (approximately $1.8 million), the company established tollbooths at both ends of the bridge and charged three cents per person to walk across the span. At the time of its completion, it was the world’s longest suspension bridge (a span of 1,619 feet). When the Ohio River flooded in 1937, the Covington & Cincinnati Suspension Bridge was the only bridge that remained open along the Ohio River between Steubenville, Ohio, and Cairo, Illinois, a distance of more than eight hundred miles. The bridge was privately operated until Kentucky purchased it in 1953. In 1982 the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet officially renamed it the “John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge.” It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975. The Covington & Cincinnati Suspension Bridge is regarded as a prototype for Roebling’s next project, which would become his most famous structure. The New York Bridge Company hired him to design and build a bridge over the East River that would connect Brooklyn and Manhattan. Roebling, however, would not live to see the completion of the world-famous Brooklyn Bridge. He contracted tetanus after being injured on the work site and died in 1869. His son Washington Roebling, a civil engineer, and daughter-in-law Emily Warren Roebling supervised the construction and completion of the bridge, which opened in 1883. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06657
Subjects: John A. Roebling Bridge (Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Ky.); Suspension bridges; National Historic Landmarks Program (U.S.); Roebling, John Augustus, 1806-1869; Bridges; Ohio River
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads "Stephen C. Foster. Marker. On Guilford School 4th Str. East of Broadway." Plaque reads "On the site of the school between the years 1846 - 1850 lived Stephen C. Foster - Master of the art of song; Composer of "My Old Kentucky Home", "Swanee River", "Old Black Joe" and many others; in native ballad form and melodic strain distinctively American. He sang of simple joys and pathos to all the world." Stephen Collins Foster was born July 4, 1826 and died January 13, 1864. He was known as the 'father of American music'. As well as the songs listed on the plaque pictured, he also wrote "Oh! Susanna", "Camptown Races" and "Beautiful Dreamer." Foster, originally from Lawrenceville (now Pittsburg), Pennsylvania, moved to Cincinnati, Ohio in 1846 to be a bookkeeper for his brother's steamship company. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. The Guilford School located at 421 East Fourth Street, at the corner of Ludlow Street was a public elementary school designed by Frederick W. Garber and completed in 1914. The four story brick building was named after Nathan Guilford, Cincinnati's first Superintendent of Schools in 1850. There is a D.A.R. marker on site which indicates that this area was once part of the Fort Washington military reservation. The building has since been converted to apartments View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F06_010_001
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Cincinnati (Ohio). Public Schools; Foster, Stephen C.; Garber, Frederick; Guilford, Nathan, 1785-1854; Fort Washington (Ohio)
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)